India's RRCAT director tours U.S. laboratories

Vinod Sahni, the director of India's Raja Ramanna Center for Advanced Technology, spent the greater part of December visiting U.S. laboratories. Tour stops included Brookhaven, SLAC and Fermilab, where he had the opportunity to discuss such activities as superconducting radiofrequency technology and Project X.

RRCAT, a multi-program laboratory located outside Indore, India, is currently commissioning a 2.5 GeV synchrotron light source, INDUS II. Physicists at RRCAT collaborate on the LHC at CERN, building corrector magnets and other machine components.

Sahni explained that during the last three to five years, SCRF technology has become increasingly important to India. RRCAT already has funnelled $35 million into its developing program. "The Rupee goes far in India. The construction costs are lower there," Sahni said.

Sahni came to Fermilab in December, joining the two RRCAT engineers who had been working at the laboratory for three months. Two technical staff members from Indian laboratories will continue to have a presence at Fermilab to collaborate on SCRF technology. "We will have 15 to 20 scientists working on SCRF at RRCAT," he said. "We have already built some of the tooling, and we want to develop ways to build SCRF components for lower cost."

India's interest in SCRF presented an opportunity for Sahni to discuss collaborating on Project X with Fermilab Director Pier Oddone. "We have similar interests for building a proton accelerator in India," he said.

-- Elizabeth Clements

R&D: Essential Foundation for U.S. Competitiveness In a Global Economy

From AIP FYI, Jan. 25, 2008

A new report by the National Science Board states its major conclusion in unambiguous language: "U.S. industry and the Federal Government are the primary pillars of financial support for the U.S. research and development enterprise. The National Science Board (Board) observes with concern the indicators of stagnation, and even decline in some discipline areas, in support for U.S. R&D, and especially basic research, by these two essential patrons and participants."

In conjunction with last week's release of "Science and Engineering Indicators 2008," a policy-neutral, largely statistical report, the National Science Board issued a companion document concluding with three major policy recommendations. This six-page companion piece, "Research and Development: Essential Foundation for U.S. Competitiveness in a Global Economy" reinforces the message of other reports published in the last few years, such as the National Academies' "Rising Above the Gathering Storm" report. Steven C. Beering is the chairman of the National Science Board; Louis J. Lanzerotti is the chairman of the committee responsible for the report (who is also a member and Chair Designee of the AIP Governing Board.)

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Smash! The Search for 'Sparticles'

From Space.com, Jan. 28, 2008

Squarks, photinos, selectrons, neutralinos. These are just a few types of supersymmetric particles, a special brand of particle that may be created when the world's most powerful atom smasher goes online this spring.

The Large Hadron Collider at a particle physics lab called the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland, will very likely change our understanding of the universe forever. The 17-mile-long underground particle accelerator will send protons flying around its circular track until they smash into each other going faster than 99 percent of the speed of light. When the particles impact, they will unleash energies similar to those in the universe shortly after the Big Bang, the theoretical beginning of time.

Scientists don't know exactly what to expect from the LHC, but they anticipate its energetic collisions will create exotic particles that physicists have so far only dreamed of.

Many researchers are hoping to see supersymmetric particles, called sparticles for short. Sparticles are predicted by supersymmetry theory, which posits that for every particle we know of, there is a sister particle that we have not yet discovered. For example, the superpartner to the electron is the selectron, the partner to the quark is the squark and the partner to the photon is the photino.

..."The most popular supersymmetric theories predict the existence of a stable supersymmetric particle, the neutralino," said Enrico Lunghi, a theoretical physicist at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Chicago. "This is an excellent candidate for dark matter. The problem is that we haven't seen any. It's another good reason for hoping to find supersymmetry at the LHC."...

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